1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829. 
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Press Review

Baltimore Sanitary Fair, April 18, 1864

A Beacon of Hope Amidst War: Lincoln at the Baltimore Sanitary Fair, April 18, 1864

The year 1864 hung heavy with the anxieties and sacrifices of the American Civil War. Union victories were hard-won, and the toll on soldiers – in terms of life, limb, and spirit – was immense. Against this backdrop of national crisis, the women of Maryland, despite their state's divided loyalties, rallied their energies and compassion to organize the Baltimore Sanitary Fair. Their aim was clear: to raise crucial funds for the U.S. Sanitary Commission, a private organization instrumental in providing medical care, supplies, and support to Union soldiers.    

The fair itself was a testament to the ingenuity and dedication of its organizers. Held in the heart of Baltimore, it showcased a remarkable array of donated goods, from handcrafted items and artwork to agricultural produce and even historical artifacts. It was a vibrant hub of activity, drawing crowds eager to contribute to the Union cause and perhaps catch a glimpse of prominent figures.   

The highlight of the fair, undoubtedly, was the anticipated address by President Abraham Lincoln on April 18th. His presence in Baltimore, a city with a complex and often tense relationship with the Union, carried significant weight. Lincoln's words were not merely a perfunctory acknowledgment of the women's efforts; they were a carefully crafted message intended to uplift spirits, reinforce the moral imperative of the Union cause, and acknowledge the profound contributions of ordinary citizens to the war effort.   

While a verbatim transcript of Lincoln's complete address might be elusive, historical accounts and excerpts paint a clear picture of its key themes and tone. It is generally understood that Lincoln's remarks were characterized by his signature blend of solemnity, wit, and unwavering resolve.

Acknowledging the Sacrifice and Dedication:

Lincoln would have undoubtedly begun by expressing his deep gratitude to the women of Maryland for their tireless efforts in organizing such a significant event. He would have recognized the personal sacrifices and immense labor involved in gathering donations and orchestrating the fair. His words would have underscored the vital role that civilian support played in sustaining the Union army and caring for its wounded. He likely emphasized that their contributions were not just financial but also a powerful demonstration of national unity and unwavering commitment to the ideals of the Union.

Connecting the Cause to Higher Ideals:

In typical Lincolnian fashion, his address would have transcended the immediate needs of the Sanitary Commission and connected their work to the larger purpose of the war. He would have likely reiterated the fundamental principles at stake – the preservation of the Union and the cause of human liberty. By framing the soldiers' suffering and the women's support within this broader context, Lincoln sought to imbue their actions with deeper meaning and inspire continued dedication. He might have subtly alluded to the moral implications of slavery and the fight for a more just and equitable nation.

Appealing to Unity and Shared Humanity:

Given Baltimore's divided loyalties, Lincoln's address likely carried an implicit appeal for unity and shared humanity. While firmly committed to the Union cause, he would have sought to bridge divides and emphasize the common bonds that transcended political differences, particularly in the face of human suffering. The Sanitary Commission's work itself, focused on alleviating the pain of soldiers regardless of their background, served as a powerful symbol of this shared humanity.

Infusing Hope and Resolve:

Despite the ongoing hardships of the war, Lincoln's words would have aimed to instill hope and reinforce the unwavering resolve necessary to see the conflict through to its conclusion. He would have acknowledged the difficulties and sacrifices but ultimately conveyed his belief in the eventual triumph of the Union cause. His presence alone served as a symbol of the enduring strength and determination of the federal government.

A Testament to Civilian Engagement:

Lincoln's address at the Baltimore Sanitary Fair stands as a powerful testament to the crucial role of civilian engagement during times of conflict. The Sanitary Commission, largely driven by volunteer efforts, provided essential services that the government infrastructure of the time struggled to fully meet. The women of Maryland's initiative exemplified the profound impact that ordinary citizens could have on the war effort through their organization, fundraising, and unwavering support for the soldiers.   

Legacy of the Address:

While the specific words may not be entirely preserved, the spirit and impact of Lincoln's address at the Baltimore Sanitary Fair on April 18, 1864, resonate through historical accounts. It served as a morale booster for the Union cause, a powerful acknowledgment of the vital contributions of women, and a poignant reminder of the human cost of the war. The success of the Baltimore Sanitary Fair, bolstered by Lincoln's presence, provided significant financial and material support to the U.S. Sanitary Commission, directly impacting the well-being of countless Union soldiers.   

In a nation fractured by war, Lincoln's visit and address offered a moment of unity and purpose, highlighting the shared commitment to alleviating suffering and ultimately securing the future of the nation. The event remains a significant chapter in the history of the Civil War, underscoring the profound impact of civilian action and the enduring power of presidential leadership during times of crisis. The dedication of the Maryland women and Lincoln's inspiring words served as a beacon of hope amidst the darkness of war, demonstrating the resilience and compassion that ultimately contributed to the Union's eventual victory.

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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