1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829. 
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

sun
mon
tue
wed
thu
fri
sat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
 
 
 
 
 

No events for this period

BCP chrome HOF72 Marshal Thomas Farnan

Baltimore Police Hall of Fame

These officers are legends with names that everyone should be familiar with; they either put forward something that resulted in long-lasting improvements or stood out for a specific act or actions during their careers with the Baltimore Police Department. Members of our department nominated all of them. If you have someone to nominate, send us their name, years of active service, assignment(s), and why you believe they should be added to this list.

Baltimore Police Historic Society
      "Officer of the Year"
 
Baltimore City Police Fallen Heroes  
Known Call Box Numbers 
Known Badge Numbers 
Baltimore City Police Blue Bloods 
Baltimore City Police Alumni 
Baltimore Police Newsletters  
What makes an Espantoon an Espantoon 
Final Roll Call 
Good Cop - Bad Cop 
History Calendar 
Baltimore Police Historical Society 
Books Written by our Police

Button banner

button front

Support this Page

Buy our Challenge Coins

$25.00 ea.
$4.00 postage for first coin 
.50 cents each for all after the first

Click HERE for more info

Button banner

Gold Button

Support this Page

Buy our Defund the Police Patch

$6.50
Free postage 
Click HERE for more info

Button bannerGold Button

Support this Page

Buy our Served with Honor Patch

$6.50

Free postage Click HERE for more info

 

Irvin H Hahn CompanyF350Replica BPD Badges
Click HERE or the logo above

Diecast-truck.jpgF350For Sale BPD Diecast Truck

To see a copy of the Order Form click the above picture or click HERE. You can also write Skip Panowitz direct at the following email -  Autocollectibles@verizon.net  A portion of your purchase will go toward funding this site, research for the museum, and toward the preservation of Baltimore Police Department's history.  CODE  

American Patch PinAPP LogoAmerican Patch & Pin

Commemorate your occasions, design your own custom patches, pins & coins. When we at Baltimore Police History have our patches made, we only use American Patch & Pin Company.

Click HERE or the logo above to visit their site.      HERE

redlineMake a Donation 300x247

Click HERE or the PayPal pic Above to Donate 

 

Press Review

Guardians of the Harbor

Guardians of the Harbor: A History of the Baltimore Police Department

Baltimore, a city forged in the fires of trade and industry, boasts a history as vibrant and complex as the Patapsco River that cradles its harbor. And at the heart of ensuring order and safety within this dynamic urban landscape stands the Baltimore Police Department (BPD). From its humble beginnings as a scattered watch system to its modern-day complexities, the story of the BPD is inextricably linked to the evolution of Baltimore itself, reflecting its triumphs, its struggles, and its enduring spirit.

The Dawn of Order: The Night Watch and Early Constables

In the nascent years of Baltimore Town, established in 1729, the responsibility for maintaining order fell upon the shoulders of the community itself. A rudimentary system of night watchmen, often volunteers or individuals paid meager sums, patrolled the dimly lit streets after dusk. These early guardians, armed with little more than lanterns and perhaps a stout stick, were tasked with deterring crime, reporting fires, and ensuring the general peace.

As Baltimore grew from a bustling port into a burgeoning city, the limitations of the volunteer watch system became increasingly apparent. The influx of immigrants, the rise of commercial activity, and the inherent challenges of urban life necessitated a more organized and professional approach to law enforcement. By the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the role of the constable gained prominence. These individuals, often appointed or elected, possessed limited legal authority and were responsible for serving warrants, making arrests, and keeping the peace within their designated wards.

However, these early forms of policing remained fragmented and often lacked the resources and coordination needed to effectively address the growing crime and social unrest that accompanied Baltimore's rapid expansion. The need for a unified and professional police force became undeniable.

The Birth of a Department: The 1857 Act and Beyond

The pivotal moment in the history of the Baltimore Police Department arrived on March 27, 1857, with the passage of the Act to Provide for the Appointment of Commissioners of Police for the City of Baltimore. This landmark legislation marked the official establishment of a centralized and organized police force for the city.

The Act created a Board of Police Commissioners, appointed by the Governor of Maryland, who were tasked with overseeing the department's operations, appointing officers, and establishing rules and regulations. This move aimed to depoliticize the police force and create a more professional and impartial body dedicated to public safety.

The newly formed Baltimore Police Department inherited a city grappling with significant social and economic challenges. Street gangs, political tensions, and the complexities of a diverse and rapidly growing population presented formidable obstacles. The early officers, often recruited from the working class, faced dangerous conditions and public skepticism as they worked to establish their authority and build trust within the community.

Navigating a City in Flux: Growth and Challenges in the 19th Century

The latter half of the 19th century witnessed the BPD evolve alongside the changing face of Baltimore. The Industrial Revolution brought prosperity but also exacerbated social inequalities and led to increased crime in certain areas. The department expanded its ranks, established precincts throughout the city, and gradually adopted new technologies, albeit often slowly.

The Civil War era presented unique challenges for the BPD, as Baltimore's loyalties were deeply divided. Maintaining order and preventing unrest during this tumultuous period required careful navigation and a delicate balance.

The late 19th century also saw the rise of specialized units within the department, reflecting the increasing complexity of urban crime. Detectives were tasked with investigating more serious offenses, and efforts were made to improve training and professionalism within the ranks. However, the department still faced issues of corruption, political influence, and accusations of brutality, mirroring the challenges faced by police forces in other major American cities during this era.

The 20th Century: Modernization and New Realities

The dawn of the 20th century ushered in an era of significant change for the Baltimore Police Department. The advent of the automobile revolutionized policing, leading to the establishment of motorized patrols and a greater ability to respond to incidents across the sprawling city. Communication technology also advanced, with the introduction of radios allowing for quicker dispatch and coordination.

The department continued to grow in size and complexity, adapting to new forms of crime and evolving social norms. The Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century brought increased scrutiny to police practices and highlighted issues of racial bias and inequality within law enforcement. The BPD, like many other departments across the nation, faced pressure to reform its policies and improve its relationship with minority communities.

The latter half of the 20th century and the early 21st century presented new challenges, including the rise of drug trafficking, gang violence, and an increasing focus on community policing initiatives. The BPD has grappled with balancing the need for effective law enforcement with the importance of building trust and fostering positive relationships with the diverse communities it serves.

Key Moments and Developments in BPD History:

  • 1888: The establishment of a formal Detective Bureau marked a significant step towards specialized crime investigation.
  • Early 1900s: The introduction of bicycles and then automobiles for patrol revolutionized the department's mobility.
  • Mid-20th Century: The BPD began to address issues of racial integration within its ranks, although progress was often slow and met with resistance.
  • Late 20th Century: The rise of community policing initiatives aimed to foster closer partnerships between officers and the residents they served.
  • Recent Decades: The BPD has faced ongoing challenges related to crime rates, police misconduct, and the need for reform and greater accountability. Landmark events and consent decrees have shaped the department's recent history and continue to drive efforts towards improvement.

The Enduring Legacy: Guardians of Baltimore

The history of the Baltimore Police Department is a testament to the evolving nature of law enforcement and the enduring commitment of countless men and women who have dedicated their lives to protecting the citizens of Baltimore. From the early night watchmen to the modern officers patrolling the streets today, the BPD has played a crucial role in shaping the city's destiny.

While the department has faced its share of challenges and controversies, its story remains one of adaptation, resilience, and a constant striving to fulfill its mission of ensuring public safety. Understanding the rich history of the Baltimore Police Department provides valuable context for the present and offers insights into the ongoing efforts to build a more just and equitable future for the city and its guardians of the harbor.

This website will continue to delve deeper into specific eras, units, and individuals that have shaped the Baltimore Police Department, offering a comprehensive look at the forces that have strived to keep our city safe throughout its long and storied history. Stay tuned for more in-depth articles exploring the fascinating journey of the BPD.

Guardians of the Harbor: A History of the Baltimore Police Department

Maryland has a rich history intertwined with piracy, particularly during the "Golden Age of Piracy" (roughly 1650 to 1730). Here's what you should know:

A Hub for Pirates and Privateers:

  • Strategic Location: The Chesapeake Bay, with its numerous inlets, rivers, and shallow waters, provided ideal hiding spots and escape routes for pirates.  
  • Thriving Trade: As the Virginia and Maryland colonies flourished, the increasing trade with Europe presented lucrative targets for pirates seeking valuable goods like tobacco and other commodities.
  • Privateering Ties: The line between pirate and privateer (a private ship authorized by a government to attack enemy vessels during wartime) was often blurred. Many privateers based in the Chesapeake occasionally crossed into outright piracy, attacking ships of nations they weren't authorized to target.  

Key Periods and Events:

  • Early Encounters: The first documented act of piracy in the Chesapeake occurred in 1635 when William Claiborne, who had a trading post on Kent Island, Maryland, seized a Maryland trading vessel. This event was fueled by tensions between the Maryland and Virginia colonies.   
  • The Golden Age: This era saw a significant increase in pirate activity in the Chesapeake. Pirates would use the Bay to refit their ships, take on supplies, and sometimes sell their ill-gotten goods to colonial merchants (who could obtain black market goods they couldn't get from England).
  • Notable Pirates and Figures:
    • Blackbeard (Edward Teach): While primarily operating out of North Carolina, Blackbeard frequented the waters off the Virginia Capes and likely used the seclusion of the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
    • Captain William Kidd: A once-reputable man who turned to piracy, Kidd's activities brought him to the Delaware coast, where some of his crew deserted. He was later arrested in Boston.
    • The Davis Trio (Davis, Wafer, and Hinson): These pirates operated in the South Seas before attempting to settle in Virginia with their loot, traveling through the Chesapeake.  
    • Theophilus Turner: A crew member who left Captain Kidd, Turner intended to settle quietly in the Tidewater area of the Chesapeake but was arrested in Maryland.
    • Louis Guittar: A French pirate who preyed on merchant vessels leaving Lynnhaven Bay inlet and even took local hostages.
    • Joseph Wheland: During the American Revolution, Wheland was a commander of British privateers in the Chesapeake, causing significant disruption and raiding plantations, particularly on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. He was eventually convicted of piracy and loyalist sympathies.
  • Efforts to Combat Piracy: Colonial authorities in both Maryland and Virginia made efforts to suppress piracy, though the vastness of the Bay and the support some pirates received from local populations made it challenging.
  • The End of the Golden Age: By the 1730s, increased naval patrols and stricter enforcement led to a decline in traditional piracy in the Chesapeake.

Later Forms of "Piracy":

  • Oyster Wars (1865-1959): While not strictly traditional piracy, these were often violent disputes between oyster pirates (those illegally harvesting oysters) and authorities and legal watermen in the Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River.
  • Rum Running during Prohibition (1920-1933): The Chesapeake Bay's geography made it an ideal location for smuggling illegal liquor during Prohibition. While not called "pirates," those involved in rum running engaged in illicit activities on the water.

In Conclusion:

Maryland and the Chesapeake Bay played a significant role in the history of piracy in North America. The region offered both opportunities and challenges for pirates, leaving behind a colorful and sometimes brutal legacy. While the classic image of swashbuckling pirates has faded, the history of illicit activities on the Chesapeake continues to be a fascinating aspect of the state's past.

 

YOU MAY LIKE

What Makes an Espantoon an Espantoon

Richard J. Ellwood Sr

Gary Provenzano BPD History Pictures

Officer John F. Andrews

How to Dispose of Old Police Items

logo

Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

NEWSLETTER

Subscribe now to get 100 exclusive photo & two newsletters per month