1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Sergeant James Joseph Roach

Sergeant James Joseph Roach
James Joseph Roach 1944

Photo courtesy Lankston-Roach Family Archive
James Joseph Roach
1944

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James Joseph Roach was born in 1893 and served in the US Navy during WWI.  He served in the trenches in France during WWI.  The family has a diary James kept during his time in France, but that is a story for another archive; perhaps they will provide a link to a page if they have it posted.  

James was honorably discharged from the Navy in the summer of 1919.  In the 1920 census, he is listed as single, living with his widowed mother and siblings, and employed as a foreman at a steel plant.  His brothers were also listed as working at a steel plant.  James married in 1920.  

In a page from the 1923 Baltimore City Directory.  James was listed as a policeman, telling us James joined the police department sometime between spring of 1920 and the time information was collected for that 1923 City Directory.  The family moved into their Hoffman Street row home sometime between 1926 and 1929. This information is also based on a City Directory. 

The 1930 US Census lists James as a patrolman.  The next item the family recovered was from the Sun dated December 29, 1934.  The article lists the officers who received awards HERE.  James was given an award by the SPCA, but no details are given. 

Next comes the 1940 census in which James is still listed listed as a City Police Officer.  James' draft registration card during the WWII era dated April 1942 lists him as working for the Baltimore City Police Department, Marine Division at he foot of Wells St.  So, here, we get the sense that the unit’s name had changed to Marine from Harbor Patrol. 

In an article in the Sun from December 13, 1942.   The article lists James as Patrolman and handling the helm of a 48 ft craft.  This article names the Wells Street dock.  The article gives the length of the craft as 48 ft but does not name it.  I presume that it is, The Robert D. Carter. 

At this time we are unsure when Sgt Roach retired.   

The story ends with the death of Sgt roach in November 1957.  His wife was an Army nurse during WWI, she lived into the 1970s They are buried together at Baltimore National Cemetery.  The Sun printed an obituary that included a memorial from the Baltimore City Retired Police Association on November 13, 1957. 

Baltimore's Own Little Navy
The Baltimore Sun Sun 24 Feb 1946
The Baltimore Sun
24 Feb 1946
Page 1
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The Baltimore Sun Sun Feb 24 1946 72
The Baltimore Sun
24 Feb 1946
Page 2
Click HERE to see full size add
 
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Sgt J J Roach and sons 72
Photo courtesy Lankston-Roach Family Archive
Officer James Roach (center) with son Navy man William (left) and future son-in-law, Coast Guardsman Robert Lankston (right) 
May 1942, Location: 2428 E. Hoffman Street.

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Photo courtesy of Mrs. Linda Hresko, Captain Harvey Von Harten's granddaughter

Standing (L-R) Officer Harry Langwhr, Lieutenant Welsh, Officer James Roach, Fireman Otto Thierfelder, Officer Charles Jullian

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Photo courtesy of Mrs. Linda Hresko, Captain Harvey Von Harten's granddaughter

(L-R) Officer Charlie Juillan, Officer James Roach, Officer Ed Travers, Engineer Joe Meyers
 

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Photo courtesy of Mrs. Linda Hresko, Captain Harvey Von Harten's granddaughter

(L-R) Officer Harry Langwhr, Officer Charles Juillan, Fireman Otto Thierfelder, Officer James Roach, Lieutenant Welsh
 
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The Baltimore Sun Sat Jan 27 1934 72
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The Baltimore Sun Sat Dec 29 1934 72
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The Baltimore Sun Sat Jul 1 1939 72
 To read full size article Click HERE or on the article above
 
The Baltimore Sun Mon May 12 1947 72
To read full size article Click HERE or on the article above
 
The Baltimore Sun Tue May 20 1958 72
To read full size article Click HERE or on the article above
 
 

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POLICE INFORMATION

If you have copies of: your Baltimore Police Department Class Photo, Pictures of our Officers, Vehicles, Equipment, Newspaper Articles relating to our department and or officers, Old Departmental Newsletters, Lookouts, Wanted Posters, and or Brochures. Information on Deceased Officers and anything that may help Preserve the History and Proud Traditions of this agency. Please contact Retired Detective Kenny Driscoll.

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222

 

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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