1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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These officers are legends with names that everyone should be familiar with; they either put forward something that resulted in long-lasting improvements or stood out for a specific act or actions during their careers with the Baltimore Police Department. Members of our department nominated all of them. If you have someone to nominate, send us their name, years of active service, assignment(s), and why you believe they should be added to this list.

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Shot Tower

The Shot Tower at the corner of Front and Fayette Street was built in 1828, and it said to be the finest early specimen of brickwork on this continent. It raises 220 feet above the pavement and has a foundation 17 feet in depth, resting upon solid rock.

Phoenix Shot Tower

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4 October 1908

The Shot Tower at the corner of Front and Fayette Street was built in 1828, and it said to be the finest early specimen of brickwork on this continent. It raises 220 feet above the pavement and has a foundation 17 feet in depth, resting upon solid rock. This makes the tower free from vibration, except during very heavy gales of wind. The walls are 6 feet thick at the base, tapering off to 18 inches at the top. The circumference at the base is 129 feet. The top is reached by a spiral staircase. There have been other shot towers in the city, but the one on Front Street has held its rank from the start as the finest and most important one. Construction on this tower began on 2 June 1828 and was complete on 25 Nov 1828 - It was built without the use of scaffolding

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BPD old and shot tower with logo

The Phoenix Shot Tower, also known as the Old Baltimore Shot Tower, is a red brick shot tower, 234.25 feet (71.40 m) tall, located near the downtown, Jonestown (also known later as Old Town), and Little Italy communities of East Baltimore, in Maryland. When it was completed in 1828 it was the tallest structure in the United States.

The tower was originally known as the "Phoenix Shot Tower", then the "Merchants' Shot Tower", and now is also sometimes called the "Old Baltimore Shot Tower". It is the only surviving shot tower among three that existed in Baltimore, and was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 11, 1971. It was designated as a local Baltimore City Landmark on October 14, 1975.

The Shot Tower lends its name to the nearby Shot Tower/Market Place station on the Baltimore Metro subway system's northeast line. Additionally, the original Baltimore Bullets were named in honor of its role in producing shot.

The tower was built by Jacob Wolfe using bricks manufactured by the Burns and Russell Company of Baltimore. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, a Roman Catholic lay leader and wealthiest man in America at that time, laid its cornerstone.

The circular brick structure's walls are 4.5 feet (1.4 m) thick from the bottom to about 50 feet (15 m) up; then they narrow in stages of 4 inches (10 cm) each, until reaching a thickness of 21 inches (53 cm) at the top.

Molten lead was dropped from a platform at the top of the tower, through a sieve-like device, into a vat of cold water at the bottom of the tower to produce both "drop shot" for pistols and rifles and "molted shot" for larger weapons such as cannons. When hardened, dried, and polished, the shot was sorted into 25-pound bags. The annual production was about 100,000 bags of shot a year, with the capability of doubling that in case of war or other high demand.

The tower stopped producing shot in 1892, when a new method of making shot made the tower obsolete. It re-opened for a brief period of production at the beginning of the twentieth century, and then closed for good.

The tower remained the tallest structure in the United States until 1846, when Trinity Church, New York on Wall Street was erected, and the tallest in Baltimore until the completion of the spire of the First Presbyterian Church at West Madison Street and Park Avenue in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood in 1875.

BPD old and shot tower with logo
 
The Shot Tower was originally owned by the Merchants' Shot Tower Company which closed in 1898

In 1921 the tower was purchased for $14,500 by the Union Oil Company, which planned to tear it down and put a gas station in its place. After strong objections by the community, by 1928 enough money had been raised to purchase the tower and present it to the City of Baltimore as one of its first preserved local historic landmarks.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plaques at the Phoenix Shot Tower, formerly the Merchants Shot Tower, in Baltimore's Jonestown neighborhood 

The tower was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 and a bronze plaque was 220px Phoenix Shot Tower 04attached to the tower's brick wall at the base. In the early 1980s, the management, exhibits, and tours were combined with those of the former Peale Museum. In 1985, other historic sites and homes were added to the newly created Baltimore City Life Museums system. The BCLM was closed in 1997, and in 2002 Carroll Museums, Inc was created to manage both the Carroll Mansion and the Shot Tower.

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In 1828, the cornerstone of the Phoenix Shot Tower was laid by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last survivor of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The landmark, also known as the Old Baltimore Shot Tower, still stands today on Fayette Street at the base of the Jones Falls Expressway. (A. Aubrey Bodine, Baltimore Sun photo, 1935)

1851: Maine became the first state to prohibit the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages.

1886: President Grover Cleveland married Frances Folsom in a White House ceremony. (He remains the only president to marry in the Executive Mansion while in office.)

1924: Congress granted citizenship to all American Indians.

1946: Italy abolished the monarchy.

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Shot Tower 1

Reported to be a "Drip Mold" from the Phoenix Shot Tower

shot tower 1

The seller claims to have purchased it at an estate sale where the former owner said he picked it up at a sale in 1965 from the city while they were trying to sell Property around the shot tower, and find someone to take over restoration and upkeep of the Baltimore landmark. We checked and there were newspaper articles from 1965 confirming there were 500 compares approached about buying the property, and only 2 responses, neither making offers near what the city was looking for.

shot tower 4

The way these worked is described in the articles above. But essentially, they melted lead from the top of the shot tower poured it over these molds where it dripped out and formed near perfect spheres from the lead as it fell through the air to a pool of water below. By the time it hit the water on the lower level, it had already cooled, and hardened. The water was more to act like a catchers mitt, slowing the lead's fall before it hit the shot that had landed before it, and those that will follow from crushing each other on impact. The shot was often small bird, or buck shot, that was not perfectly round, or adjusted to a particular caliber of shot. For the old musket guns shooting shot, the shot made at the various shot towers wasn't perfect, but it was better than nails, pebbles, glass or bits of barbed wire cut up and jammed down the barrel of a musket. In the end no matter what it was being jammed down the muzzle of an old musket, it was going to hurt, maim, or kill whatever it was being fired at.  and fired into the enemy

shot tower 1

The seller claims to have purchased it at an estate sale where the former owner said he picked it up at a sale in 1965 from the city while they were trying to sell Property around the shot tower, and find someone to take over restoration and upkeep of the Baltimore landmark. We checked and there were newspaper articles from 1965 confirming there were 500 compares approached about buying the property, and only 2 responses, neither making offers near what the city was looking for.

shot tower 4

The way these worked is described in the articles above. But essentially, they melted lead from the top of the shot tower poured it over these molds where it dripped out and formed near perfect spheres from the lead as it fell through the air to a pool of water below. By the time it hit the water on the lower level, it had already cooled, and hardened. The water was more to act like a catchers mitt, slowing the lead's fall before it hit the shot that had landed before it, and those that will follow from crushing each other on impact. The shot was often small bird, or buck shot, that was not perfectly round, or adjusted to a particular caliber of shot. For the old musket guns shooting shot, the shot made at the various shot towers wasn't perfect, but it was better than nails, pebbles, glass or bits of barbed wire cut up and jammed down the barrel of a musket. In the end no matter what it was being jammed down the muzzle of an old musket, it was going to hurt, maim, or kill whatever it was being fired at.  and fired into the enemy

cityhall City Hall History

 
 
 

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POLICE INFORMATION

Copies of: Your Baltimore Police Department Class Photo, Pictures of our Officers, Vehicles, Equipment, Newspaper Articles relating to our department and or officers, Old Departmental Newsletters, Lookouts, Wanted Posters, and or Brochures. Information on Deceased Officers and anything that may help Preserve the History and Proud Traditions of this agency. Please contact Retired Detective Kenny Driscoll.

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department.

Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222

 

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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