1700 - 1800

1729 - 8 August, 1729 - The preservation of the peace, protection of property and the arrest of offenders has been the goal of Baltimore residents since August 8, 1729, when the Legislature created Baltimore Town, 100 years before the "London Metropolitan Police Department" was founded by Sir Robert Peel (1829) Note: Sir Robert Peel "Bobby" Peel is widely believed to be where the nickname of the police helmet "Bobby Cap" came from, upon founding the London Metropolitan Police Department, officers were quickly called Bobby Cops, or Bobbies, likewise their hats, "Bobby Caps" 
1775 - Would be the start of what would come to be 9 years of haphazard policing in "Baltimore Town" where mistakes were made, but those mistakes were learned from, and in 1784 "Baltimore Town", decided to form a paid "Watch", in which the Watchmen could be fired, or otherwise penalized, for neglect of duty. These first attempts to form the Nightwatch had male inhabitant capable of duty sign an agreement, in which they swore to conform to police regulations adopted by the citizens and sanctioned by the Board of Commissioners, to attend when summoned to serve as night watchmen. This committee had some of the functions of the 1888 Board of Police Commissioners. (The town was divided into Districts and in each of these was stationed a company commanded by a Captain of the Nightwatch.) 
1775/76 - The first Captains of the watch, or police, in Baltimore, under this primitive arrangement, were Captain James Calhoun, of the First District; Captain George Woolsey, Second District; Captain Benjamin Griffith, Third District; Captain Barnard Eichelberger, Fourth District; Captain George Lindenberger, Fifth District; and Captain William Goodwin, of the Sixth District. At Fell's Point, Captain Isaac Yanbidder, with two assistants, or Lieutenants. Each Captain had under his command a squad of sixteen men, every inhabitant being enrolled, and taking his turn. The streets were patrolled by these watchmen from 10 pm. until daybreak. 
1776 -  20 December 1776 - As British troops closed in on Philadelphia at the end of 1776, the Continental Congress decided to abandon the city and flee south to the safe haven of Baltimore. Delegates convened on December 20, 1776, inside the spacious house and tavern of Henry Fite. Click HERE 

1784 - The First Attempt to Organize a Paid Force to Guard Baltimore occurred in 1784. Constables were appointed and given police powers to keep the peace. Baltimore's Police Department had been developing their police force since the formation of our "Night Watch" in 1784. In the beginning, they were "Necessary to prevent fires, burglaries, and other outrages and disorders." This from (Chapter 69, Acts of 1784). This was 45 years before Sir Robert Peel's London Metropolitan Police was founded in 1829
1784 - Baltimore would obtain Street Lights by order of the Police Department - These lights were oil lamps and they were lit by order of the police, they were extinguished by the police, and they were maintained by order of the police. It was not so obvious to the public as it were to the panel of commissioners, and to the council of city hall, but the lighted streets in Baltimore were a deterrent that prevented, and decreased crime, in and around "Mob Town". While at first many of the ideas, and or theories of the Panel of Commissioners, and or Our Marshals were often shot down, or put off until they either died in committee or were funded privately. Still, many of these ideas went on to become the norm in law enforcement throughout the country, and around the world.  Furthermore, these concepts would eventually be paid for, and widely approved of and authorized by state legislatures. 
1787 -  May 1787 - We lost our Brother Watchman Turner 
1797 - 3 April 1797 - the City Council passed the first ordinance affecting the police. It directed that three persons were to be appointed Commissioners of the watch. They could employ for one year as many Captains and watchmen as had been employed in the night watch the year past for the same remuneration. The Commissioners prescribed regulations and hours of duty for the police. 
1798 - 19 March 1798 - An officer known as “The City” or “High Constable”, was created by the ordinance on March 19, 1798. His duty was "to walk through the streets, lanes, and alleys of the city daily, with mace in hand, taking such rounds, that within a reasonable time he shall visit all parts of the city, and give information to the Mayor or other Magistrate, of all nuisances within the city, and all obstructions and impediments in the streets, lanes, and alleys, and of all offenses committed against the laws and ordinances." He was also required to report the names of the offenders against any ordinance and the names of the witnesses who could sustain the prosecutions against them and regard the mayor as his chief. The yearly salary of the city constable was fixed at $350, and he was required to give a bond for the performance of his duty. 
1798 - Baltimore made the first of certain steps toward creating the chief of police, or marshal as he was later called. A high constable was appointed, and it was his duty to tour the city frequently, carried a mace, the badge of authority, and to report on lawbreakers.  By the turn of the century, Baltimore had again become an unmanageable, riotous city. It was now a bustling community of 31,514 in population and one historian remarks naively, "The city was a rendezvous of a number of evil characters."  
1799 - 26 February 1799 - Authorized the appointment of a city constable in each ward. This ward constable was thus a policeman, and the term of city constable was not properly his although his duties were defined by the ordinance to be the same as those of the city or high constable.

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Press Review

Stanislav Rembski

Rembski

Stanislav Rembski

Rembski was born and raised in Sochaczew, Poland, during Czarist days. The son of a prominent interior decorator, Rembski began drawing animals as a child. He later earned an engineering degree from Warsaw Technological Institute and studied painting at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Warsaw. At age twenty-three Rembski enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin. While trying to avoid military service in Poland, he was captured by the German army and threatened with execution. Rembski quickly sketched the face of a guard, who invited him to his own house to hide.

After painting German nobility in the early 1920s, Rembski moved to New York, where he set up a studio in Brooklyn and became a U.S. citizen in 1929. A one-man show at Carnegie Hall in 1934 brought him wide acclaim; he painted portraits, murals, and landscapes. In 1938, he discovered Baltimore – allegedly the only city where it was not snowing while Rembski was on his way to Oklahoma to paint Osage Indian Chief Lookout. He settled in Baltimore in 1940, where he continued as a portrait painter, taught a charcoal sketch class, and wrote about art and religion. An exhibition of his portraits was held at the Baltimore Museum of Art in 1947.

During his career, Rembski painted some 1,500 portraits, including those of five Maryland first ladies, Hubert H. Humphrey, Babe Ruth, Brigham Young, and Johns Hopkins. His portraits are in museums and private collections throughout Europe, North America, and Australia. His posthumous portrait of Woodrow Wilson hangs in the Woodrow Wilson Museum in Washington, while his portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt, commissioned by Eleanor Roosevelt, hangs in his presidential library in Hyde Park, New York. He summered in Deer Island, Maine, where he painted the local fishing scene.

On his 100th birthday, Rembski was the subject of a centennial exhibition of his work at New York’s Salmagundi Club.

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Stanislav Rembski, 101, renowned artist Polish-born portraitist known for precision

By Fred Rasmussen 
Baltimore Sun 

Sep 16, 1998 at 12:00 am

Stanislav Rembski, the internationally known Polish-born Baltimore portraitist, died Monday evening of cancer at Sinai Hospital. He was 101.

The prodigious Bolton Hill artist, whose work was admired for its Flemish meticulousness and vivaciousness, completed at least 1,500 oil portraits. He was the subject of a centennial exhibition -- of his work nearly two years ago on his 100th birthday at New York's prestigious Salmagundi Club.

A month before his death, he was completing commissions from his cramped second-floor studio in his rowhouse, in the 1400 block of Park Ave., where he had lived since 1948.

"He was absolutely amazing as an artist," said Ann Didusch Schuler, head of Baltimore's Schuler School of Art and also a well-known portrait artist.

Mr. Rembski's portraits are in museum and private collections throughout Europe, North America and Australia. His posthumous portrait of Woodrow Wilson hangs in the Woodrow Wilson Museum in Washington, while his Franklin D. Roosevelt portrait, commissioned by Eleanor Roosevelt, hangs in his presidential library in Hyde Park, N.Y.

"As a social portraitist, his work was exquisite. He was a very fine artist who had a wonderful style of painting," said Mrs. Schuler. "It was the fine details that he put into his paintings -- for instance, the draperies behind a subject. He was a master at this, and he realized that it was the details that counted," she said.

Sona Johnston, a Baltimore Museum of Art curator, said: "He occupies an important place in portraiture in this city."

'Important Maryland artist'

Said Dena Crosson, curator of the University of Maryland University College Arts Program, whose collection of 275 paintings are by this state's artists, "He is an important Maryland artist, and we're pleased to have him in our collection."

Portraits of five Maryland first ladies emerged from his studio -- Mrs. J. Millard Tawes, Mrs. William Preston Lane Jr., Mrs. Theodore R. McKeldin, Mrs. Herbert R. O'Conor and Mrs. Harry W. Nice. Other well-known figures include Hubert H. Humphrey, Babe Ruth, Brigham Young and Johns Hopkins, whose portrait hangs in Whites Hall, Gambrills, the birthplace of the philanthropist.

He also painted Baltimore Mayor J. Harold Grady; judges, business leaders, musicians, members of the clergy, physicians and actors.

"He certainly had a devoted following," Richard R. Harwood III, president of Purnell Galleries in Baltimore, said yesterday. "People were drawn to him because of his style and personality. He could provide a prospective client with a brilliant resume and an impressive body of work," he said.

Mr. Rembski, a dapper man standing no more than 5 feet 1 inch, with a finely trimmed mustache, goatee and hair combed straight back with a slight duck tail, was perhaps the last living embodiment in Baltimore of the artistic grandeur that vanished from Europe with the coming of World War I.

"In the neighborhood, he certainly added an exotic air and courtly manner," said Frank Shivers, a Bolton Hill neighbor, author and teacher.

Early promise

Born and raised in Sochaczew, Poland, during Czarist days, the son of a prominent interior decorator, he began drawing animals as a child. At school, his Russian drawing teacher recognized his talent and had him draw straight lines and triangles without a ruler for a year. The next year, he drew freehand circles.

He later earned an engineering degree from Warsaw Technological Institute and, at 23, enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin, where he was exposed to the expressionist and abstract painters he had come to loathe.

Mr. Rembski, who described himself as "a painter of people," took his artistic inspiration from Leonardo da Vinci.

While trying to avoid military service in Poland, he was captured by the German army and threatened with execution. Thinking it would be his last work, he sketched a guard's face. Then, "instead of sending me out to be executed, he invited me to his own house, where he hid me in the cellar. He risked his own life. I always had the ability to draw a face in a few minutes."

After painting German nobility in the early 1920s, he left for New York, where he established a studio in Brooklyn Heights and became a U.S. citizen in 1929. A one-man show at Carnegie Hall in 1934 brought him critical acclaim.

A favorite story of his concerned how he came to discover Baltimore in 1938.

He was on his way to Oklahoma to paint Osage Indian Chief Lookout during a blizzard, and Baltimore was the only place where it wasn't snowing. So, in 1940, he settled here with his first wife, the former Isabelle Walton Everett, who died in 1980.

In an explanation of his deep affection for Baltimore, he told The Sun in an interview in the 1940s, "I would rather be Rembski of Baltimore on a visit to New York than Rembski of New York on a visit to Baltimore."

In the late 1930s, he established a summer studio at Deer Isle, Maine, and his work there showed the influence of his mentors, Leon Dabo, a disciple of James Whistler, and Edward Hopper.

Ballet before his easel

An extremely animated painter of whom it was said he moved like a ballet dancer before his easel, he was an economical artist who usually required no more than six sittings to complete a portrait. An opera fan, it wasn't uncommon for him to hum opera tunes while painting.

He also worked out compositions mentally before picking up the brush and making the first stroke.

"When I start painting, at once it is a picture -- always complete, but never finished. No matter how much work I do on it, no matter how it grows, it is unfinished. Life finishes nothing. Only death finishes," he told The Sun in an interview in the 1950s.

A deeply religious man who said the Lord's Prayer several times a day, Mr. Rembski neither drank nor smoked. Despite the passing of years, he continued to be active in the cultural and intellectual life of Baltimore.

"Art is the process of taking dust from the earth -- pigment -- and transforming it into luminous light. That is the task of the artist, of giving life and spirit to the dust of the earth," he said at the time of the Salmagundi Club exhibition.

Mr. Rembski, who was a 32nd-degree Mason, was a member of the Cosmopolitan Club, Salmagundi Club, Torch Club and Polish Heritage Association of Maryland.

A memorial service will be held at 11 a.m. Oct. 3 at St. Pius X Roman Catholic Church, 6428 York Road, Rodgers Forge.

He is survived by his wife of 17 years, the former Dorothy Marie Klein; a sister, Isabella Hamilton of California; a stepson, Dr. Norman F. Spector of Towson; a stepdaughter, Diane V. Harris of Burke, Va.; and four step-grandchildren.

Pub Date: 9/16/98

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STANISLAV REMBSKI, 101, COMPLETED 1,500 OIL PORTRAITS

By The Baltimore Sun

South Florida Sun-Sentinel

Sep 17, 1998 at 12:00 am

BALTIMORE — Stanislav Rembski, the internationally known Polish-born portraitist, died Monday evening of cancer. He was 101.

The prodigious artist, whose work was admired for its Flemish meticulousness and vivaciousness, completed at least 1,500 oil portraits during his lifetime. He was the subject of a centennial exhibition of his work almost two years ago on his 100th birthday at New York's prestigious Salmagundi Club.

Mr. Rembski's portraits are found in museums and private collections throughout Europe, North America and Australia. His posthumous portrait of Woodrow Wilson hangs in the Woodrow Wilson Museum in Washington, while his Franklin D. Roosevelt portrait, commissioned by Eleanor Roosevelt, hangs in his presidential library in Hyde Park, N.Y.

Born and raised in Sochaczew, Poland, the son of a prominent interior decorator, he began drawing animals as a child. At school, his Russian drawing teacher recognized his talent and had him draw straight lines and triangles without a ruler for a year. The next year, he drew freehand circles.

He later earned an engineering degree from the Warsaw Technological Institute and, at 23, enrolled at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin, where he was exposed to the expressionist and abstract painters he had come to loathe.

Mr. Rembski, who described himself as "a painter of people," took his artistic inspiration from Leonardo da Vinci.

While trying to avoid military service in Poland, he was captured by the German army and threatened with execution. Thinking it would be his last work, he sketched a guard's face. Then, "instead of sending me out to be executed, he invited me to his own house, where he hid me in the cellar. He risked his own life. . . . I always had the ability to draw a face in a few minutes."

After painting German nobility in the early 1920s, he left for New York, where he established a studio in Brooklyn Heights and became a U.S. citizen in 1929. A show at Carnegie Hall in 1934 brought him critical acclaim.

He is survived by his wife of 17 years, the former Dorothy Marie Klein; a sister, Isabella Hamilton of Fawnkin, Calif.; a stepson, Dr. Norman F. Spector of Towson, Md.; a stepdaughter, Diane V. Harris of Burke, Va.; and four step-grandchildren.

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Please contact Det. Ret. Kenny Driscoll if you have any pictures of you or your family members and wish them remembered here on this tribute site to Honor the fine men and women who have served with Honor and Distinction at the Baltimore Police Department. Anyone with information, photographs, memorabilia, or other "Baltimore City Police" items can contact Ret. Det. Kenny Driscoll at   Kenny@BaltimoreCityPoliceHistory.com follow us on Twitter @BaltoPoliceHist or like us on Facebook or mail pics to 8138 Dundalk Ave. Baltimore Md. 21222.

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